Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

 

 

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Reliant Energy

Hygiene Factors

At Reliant Energy, many of the hygiene factors expressed in Herzberg's Two-factor Theory do not exist.  The physical working conditions are excellent, as are most of the managers and the quality of supervision.  However, an allowance for more open communications would lead to less job frustration.  Employees cannot relate to or understand where and how they fit into the organization without open communications with their managers.  This lack of interaction can lead to frustration and dissatisfaction.  Moreover, without a communication channel to explain corporate financials and other non-specific details, it becomes difficult for an employee to gauge the company's health, and the role of that employee in making the company successful. 

This can be an issue if an employee feels that he or she has no way of realizing if his or her efforts are acceptable, or even if those efforts are appreciated.   It is important to know one's performance, and how one can improve that performance.  Therefore, it is crucial that managers interact with employees and give them feedback about their performance that is realistic without being abusive.  These policies should be defined at a corporate level to ensure that employees are receiving the information that they need, and therefore decreasing overall frustration.   Even periodic reports such as quarterly reports or task/goal achievements could be shared, which would provide to employees a better picture of their organization and their environment.  

One other communication problem is specific to the IT department.   The IT department is only concerned with pieces or sections of a greater problem, and many times the individuals working on solutions do not see the final resolution of that problem.  A subset of a problem is assigned to an employee to resolve; the entire problem may be beyond the scope of the employee, or the complexity of the problem may span several departments.  For this reason, many managers simply assign subsets of issues to technical employees, and once that is resolved, or once it is determined that cross-platform intervention is needed, that problem is handed off to different teams; problem tracking and resolution become processes that only mangers are aware of.  This leads to a great deal of frustration.  Through a more open communication channel, this problem could be resolved.  An open communication channel will allow employees to track problem resolution and determine what the different parts of the fix were. 

Additionally, Reliant Energy relies heavily on contract labor for business continuity, especially for business-critical positions or projects.  Providing employees with job security would definitely decrease the level of dissatisfaction, as contractors can be terminated without cause or reason at a moment's notice.  Job security is a fundamental need, and the minimization of this hygiene factor would be beneficial in reducing job dissatisfaction.

Motivation Factors

Reliant Energy has clearly defined motivation factors.  Many of these exist as a natural byproduct of the type of environment and culture that Reliant maintains, such as new and challenging tasks being available, or specialized and specific tasks for those employees that are interested.  This allows for employee growth, and results in the employee facing new and challenging tasks, leading to high job satisfaction.  However, Reliant managers could do a better job of employee recognition if something particularly difficult is accomplished.  This would lead to higher job satisfaction.  Additionally, Reliant Energy currently lacks a comprehensive approach to promoting employees into positions of management and responsibility.  Ordinarily, these individuals are chosen from the ranks of those that already have experience in such a particular job function within the industry.  Of course, some promotions do occur, but they are few and very rare.  The only response to excellence and organizational ability in an employee currently is to lean on that individual more, thus increasing the amount of work he or she has to do. 


Chimes Spine & Rehabilitation Center

Hygiene Factors   

Chimes Spine & Rehabilitation Center provides as a satisfying occupational environment, in accordance with Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory.  Dissatisfaction, according to Herzberg, exists when the following hygiene factors are not present: sufficient and consistent pay, status, job security, good working conditions, a reasonable and comprehensible company policy, healthy peer relations, and a reasonable level of supervision.  The level of dissatisfaction experienced by employees at the Chimes Spine & Rehabilitation, in relation to such factors, is relatively low, given that there is an absence of such factors. 

Satisfaction is also derived from the awareness of the significance of a specific job function, such as the knowledge that chaos would likely ensue from an employee's physical absence from work.  In many environments, role significance is minimal, and employees are unable to determine whether or not their presence or their work is of any consequence to the company's ability to achieve its objectives. However, this is not the case at the Chimes Spine & Rehabilitation Center.  Job roles are clearly defined and metrics exists to measure the performance and quality of work for any employee.  All job roles are critical to the effective performance of the company.  There is a lot involved in the daily tasks and an employee's sense of responsibility is great.  The employees are motivated to carry out their jobs accurately and professionally by their desires to prove themselves as capable, responsible workers.  The organization provides its employees with motivation and is structured in a beneficial organizational manner as such. 

Motivation Factors

The satisfaction of an employee, according to Herzberg's theory, comes from motivators that are intrinsic to the organization.  The Chimes Spine & Rehabilitation Center's intrinsic motivators, which provide to the employees a true and sufficient level of satisfaction of the job, are expressed in a variety of ways.  One of the key motivators is the sense of responsibility imbued in each individual from the accomplishment of tasks.   Chimes Spine & Rehabilitation also has fostered an environment that encourages the recognition of employees who performs well, which operates as another motivation factor.  These intrinsic motivators encourage the employees of Chimes Spine & Rehabilitation Center to strive for excellence and to execute their responsibilities with enthusiasm and passion.  For this reason, employees exert every effort to improve job performance, which functions to guide the organization towards progress and enrichment.

Many of the specific roles in the Chimes Spine & Rehabilitation Center require extensive responsibility.  The majority of work involves vast amounts of accounting processes.  In addition, lawsuits are also a serious issue in medical environments, since many insurance companies are constantly on the lookout for illegal or misrepresented claims.  Employees are entrusted with work that requires precision and attention to detail; there is little oversight from management.  This helps the employees realize the importance of the quality of their work, and indicates the trust and responsibility that management has allocated to them.  Although any mistakes can prove to be grievously detrimental to the finances of the company, the boost in employee morale and their subsequent passion for excellence and accuracy serves to mitigate this risk.  This process increases job satisfaction though increasing the amount of responsibility an employee possesses in ensuring a job is done accurately. 

Recognition of excellent work performance is crucial to an employee's sense of satisfaction in a job.  All employees enjoy recognition for impressive attention to detail and skillful approaches to become aware of organizational flaws or weaknesses.  Co-workers are encouraged to recognize each other for exceptional performance, and this culture of appreciation permeates the entire organization.  The Chimes Center is an environment that strategically utilizes the tool of employee recognition and appreciation in an effort to produce a motivating organizational arrangement.  Supervisors often indicate their appreciation of employee concern for the general health and success of the business; even more importantly, the supervisors value and welcome employee concerns for the patients that are treated at the Chimes Center.  This kind of recognition indicates to the staff that their efforts are making a difference; this, in turn, motivates the workers to do even better. 



Defense Corporation

Hygiene Factors 
 
The most obvious manifestation of the satisfaction of hygiene needs at Defense Corp. is the company's financial compensation package.  Defense Corp. deals with satisfying this need with a combination of salary and profit sharing in the form of stock options.  In this sense, Defense Corp. is more then adequate in need satisfaction.  This company exceeds industry standards with a profit sharing package of 15% of an employee's base salary in within the third year of employment.  In addition, Defense Corp. offers a health, dental, and eye insurance package. Finally, paid vacation, spot bonuses, and 0% interest corporate loans all contribute to satisfying a person's hygiene needs.

Defense Corp ensures positive employee relations and a productive environment through a variety of means.  A new hire by Defense Corp. will be introduced to every staff member personally with the assistance or the Human Resource Manager.  In addition, a new hire will be assigned a mentor to assist in the adjustment process to the company and the area. Defense Corp. also organizes many social functions, including company picnics, group movie outings, bowling and softball leagues, and a variety of other initiatives designed to provide the basic hygienic need of healthy peer relations.

Defense Corp continues to assume industry leadership in the elimination of most hygiene factors that stem from poor supervision or intrusive company policy.  Industry indicators all point to high levels of professional pride in the employee base and genuine concern for company well-being.  An indicator of this healthy culture is Defense Corp's, ASTO operation's quarterly "all hands" meeting is. Beginning with simple, hard statistics, the last meeting reported many encouraging signs.  The operation's turnover rate continued to fall well below the national average and industry standard, indicating the success of employee retention.  Additionally, absenteeism fell for the 3rd straight quarter.  The communication of this information provided a basis for the appreciation of company policies and the quality of immediate management.

Motivation Factors

Defense Corp. provides a wide variety of programs and initiatives designed to address Herzberg's motivation factors.  The company has several initiatives designed to address the many factors as specified by Herzberg, including the recognition of achievement, opportunity for growth, and provisioning interesting and challenging work for its employees.  Defense Corp. maintains a policy of management recruitment from within its own organization.  Of the many new managers, most have been promoted from within the company. 

Responsibility is liberally assigned to employees that exhibit the ability to execute directives and achieve objectives.  There are managers that control over $50 million worth of contract work that encompass over 150 employees and 30 subcontractors.  The managers for the teams are highly trained and competent individuals that, in turn, provide opportunities for all of their employees.  Employee empowerment is considered to be a critical success factor, and all managers are encouraged to provide opportunities for responsibility to team members. In this manner, Defense Corp has developed a collective interest in the achievement of total quality management. Employees are expected to treat everything in their daily activities to critical analysis, as though they were themselves managing a team of people.

Conclusion

In an era of increasing competition, the significance of effectively utilizing all available resources, including human resources, is critical for any company.  The motivation of employees is one of the fundamental issues that companies must address in the current marketplace, as it is one of the variables that affect employee productivity.  Fundamental to Herzberg's position is the notion that motivation is a result of personal growth and is based on an innate need to grow.  Moreover, the requirement to successfully meet hygiene factors exists as a symbiotic relational parameter of an organization's attempt to maintain an accelerated level of employee intensity and productivity.  As companies continue to develop organizational initiatives, the application of Herzberg's two-factor theory can contribute to an environment that is conducive to excellence and enhanced performance on the part of its most valuable asset; the human resource.